Mechanism of a Friedel-Crafts Alkylation (BioChem) and its role in combating illness

Firstly, the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation reaction synthesizes alkylated products, such as: alkylbenzenes. For instance, the reaction involves the alkylation/an addition of an alkyl group to an aromatic ring. Alongside, a catalyst (most commonly used is AlCl3) since it can act as a Lewis acid and generates an electrophile through the process of the reaction. Moreover, the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation reaction is recognized as an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In other words, within the reaction a carbocation is attacked by a pi bond from an aromatic ring, resulting in the replacement of one of the aromatic protons by an alkyl group. All in all, the reaction process is widely utilized in numerous real world applications. For example, petroleum refining, medication modification in pharmacology, and pharmaceuticals. More importantly, alkylating drugs are utilized in treating multiple diseases, illnesses, and issues in the human body. For example, in the treatment of: brain tumors, melanoma, breast cancer, retinoblastoma, and other cancers.

Procedure: 

1) Obtain a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 2) As well as, a 400 mL beaker to place a significant amount of ice. 3) place a stir bar within the 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 4) Also, measure out and place approximately 5.0 g of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and 10.0 mL of isobutyl alcohol within the same 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 5) Finally, place the Erlenmeyer flask within the ice in the beaker and place on a stir plate. 6) Once placed, stir for 3 minutes. 7) After 3 minutes of stirring, add 20 mL of glacial acetic acid into the solution. 8) Separately, cool 30 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid in another 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and place within a separate beaker with ice. 9) Once the temperature of the initial Erlenmeyer flask on the stir plate has reached 3 celsius or below, add the chilled sulfuric acid dropwise. 10) Continue to stir the reaction mixture, making sure the temperature stays below 10 celsius. 11) after 5 minutes of continued stirring, below 10 celsius: stop the reaction. 12) to stop the reaction, add a significant amount of ice to the reaction flask. Alongside, enough water to almost fill the flask to the brim. 13) Finally, remove the reaction flask from the beaker of ice, and swirl gently for 5 minutes. 14) Lastly, utilize a vacuum filtration mechanism to dry the precipitated solid. 15) Once dried and prepared, measure the weight of the product, calculate the percent yield, and dispose of the laboratory materials in a proper manner.

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